How do I set up a freshwater aquarium step by step?
Assessing Aquarium Size
Although starting an aquarium can be a thrilling place for a beginner to start their journey in the wonderful world of aquatic life, many beginners (that are just starting to learn about aquariums) often inquire: “What aquarium size is best for beginners?” From the type of fish the beginner wants, the size of the area they have for an aquarium, and the maintenance of the fish (which can quickly become overwhelming); no one aquarium size best fits all. In this article, we are going to assess what aquarium sizes are best for beginners and what you should think about first.
Why Does Aquarium Size Matter?
Your fish will need a tank that can maintain their health (and themselves), therefore the size (of your aquarium) is very important. A larger aquarium is generally a more stable environment because it doesn’t fluctuate in water parameters (like temperature, pH) as easily. However, smaller aquariums can be more difficult to manage; and even the slightest water change can easier stress the fish. Below we will look at the positive aspects and negative aspects of different sizes of aquariums.
Small Aquariums (2.5 to 10 Gallons)
For beginners, small aquariums, nano tanks, can be moderately attractive to a beginner due to their cost, and the area that they take up. But they do come with some negatives.
- Pros: Inexpensive to purchase and run. Very suitable for small spaces (apartments or dorm rooms). Good sizes for small fish or shrimp species.
- Cons: Water quality can deteriorate rapidly; will need to monitor water quality frequently. Extremely limited stock selection available for fish and plants. Less leniency with beginners making mistakes.
Common small fish species usually maintained in these types of tanks can be Betta fish, guppies, and neon tetras. If you go with a small aquarium, you will likely find that your water changes and other maintenance happen very frequently!
Medium/Standard Aquarium (10 to 30 Gallons)
For beginner aquariums, medium sized tanks are usually a best of both worlds situation. They are a nice middle ground (I think) when you do not want a too small or too large aquarium. Most beginners are usually happy enough that in this range, you can have a tank that is simple and manageable, but still enjoyable.
- Pros: More stable than small tanks. More variety of fish and plant options. Essentially can make a small community tank.
- Cons: More expensive to start and maintain. Takes up more space than small tanks. Regular maintenance will still be needed.
I often suggest a 20 gallon tank for beginners; you will be allowed to comfortably keep a small community of fish with larger schools of fish like tetras, along with corydoras or they may even be able to keep a couple larger species such as angelfish.
Large Aquariums (30 Gallons+)
For those who are more involved in the hobby, large aquariums can be a very persuasive option. They provide the most stable water quality, and there is a large variety of aquatic life they can support.
- Pros: Stable conditions make it easier to maintain, can keep larger fish and a more diverse range of species, can produce more diverse and complex aquascapes and ecosystems.
- Cons: More expensive to set-up, more physical space, is cumbersome to set-up, and will require more complex filtration and heating systems.
Large aquariums can be a lot of fun! If you’re considering a large aquarium, you might want to consider species like cichlids or larger community fish. As long as you have the appropriate fish for your situation and enough space and resources to put into the maintenance; you’ll be fine!
Factors to Consider When Choosing Aquarium Size
There are other factors to consider when you select what the best size aquarium for you is:
- Space: Look at where you are planning to place the aquarium. Take into consideration the room needed for the tank, its equipment, and the physical need to service the tanks.
- Budget: Plan on the cost for the aquarium, the filtration unit, the heater, substrate, decorations, and fish before you spend your money. The more water volume or size of your aquarium usually comes with a higher price.
- Fish Species: Do your research on what type of fish you want to keep and the size of the physical space that they will need. Some species do better with plenty of space and others thrive in smaller set-up.
- Maintenance: Assess how much time you can spend maintaining your aquarium (daily, weekly, or monthly). Larger aquariums have more equipment that may need servicing or replacement, but may be less frequent water changes than smaller aquariums.
Setting Up Your First Aquarium
Now that you’ve chosen the size aquarium that you want to invest in, here are some basic steps to follow to get your aquarium set-up.
- Choose the Location: Select a surface that is stable and level. Place the aquarium away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
- Purchase Equipment: Prop display aquarium, filtration system, heater, substrate, decorations, and water conditioner.
- Setup: Have a rinse-ready and rinse the aquarium and equipment (use NO soap), substrate and decorations. Fill the aquarium with water.
- Cycle the Tank: Let the tank cycle for a minimum of 4-6 weeks before adding live and living things. You should establish beneficial bacteria (nitrifying bacteria) before you add fish to the tank.
- Add Fish Slowly: Fish should be added slowly to the tank while monitoring them closely (the resident ecosystem) and the tank’s water conditions.
Conclusion
Ultimately while deciding on the best aquarium size for beginners is going to be based on specific circumstances, including space, money, and types of fish you want to keep. Small tanks have their benefits and draw-backs (cost), while medium aquariums offer a great medium to start as a new fishkeeper. Ultimately, whatever size tank you arrive at deciding, remember to be patient and maintain the aquarium so you can promote life in the aquatic environment! Happy fishkeeping!
